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Rubber band neurons

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Rat neurons (four represented below) in a brain area called the striatum mark time by firing off messages in a sequence (top). Their activity stretches (bottom) to fill a broader time slot as they need to count more time, but their firing order stays the same.

H. Motanis and D. Buonomano/Current Biology 2015

 

What’s more, many of the cells changed their behavior to remain in the right spot in their sequence even as the time intervals lengthened: A cell that always fired in the middle of a 12-second sequence would shift its behavior as the wait increased, firing around second 18 of a 36-second sequence, for instance.

Mello likens these cells to rubber bands that can expand and shrink to fill the necessary time. “You can stretch it and compress it,” he says. The results suggest that “the neurons are encoding relative time,” not absolute time, UCLA neuroscientists Helen Motanis and Dean Buonomano wrote in a Current Biology editorial.

The results are exciting, but Mello cautions that this example might not generalize to other timekeepers. “We should be very careful when making any statement about how the brain encodes or decodes time,” he says. “Encoding in what conditions? In what range?”


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