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Patterns of combinability

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  1. Combinability of conjunctions and their functions
  2. Compositional patterns of syntactical arrangement
  3. I. SPEECH PATTERNS
  4. Make up a micro-dialogue using Intonation Patterns I, II.
  5. Make up a micro-dialogue. Your fellow-student will suggest a verbal context. Respond by using Intonation Patterns I, II, III. Continue the talk.
  6. Patterns of combinability
  7. Read the dialogues in pairs, noting the most essential patterns of asking and accepting help.
  8. Syntactic functions and patterns of combinability
  9. The exercises below are meant to revise the intonation patterns you already know.
  10. V. Make up dialogues or situations, using the patterns.
  11. V. Make up dialogues, using all the patterns.

 

Numerals combine mostly with nouns and function as their attributes, usually as premodifying attributes. If a noun has several premodifying attributes including a cardinal or an ordinal, these come first, as in:

- three tiny green leaves, seven iron men, the second pale little boy, etc.

The only exception is pronoun determiners, which always begin a series of attributes:

his second beautiful wife; these four rooms; her three little children; every second day, etc.

 

If both a cardinal and an ordinal refer to one head-noun the ordinal comes first:

-the first three tall girls, the second two grey dogs, etc.

Nouns premodified by ordinals are used with the definite article:

- The first men in the moon, the third month, etc.

When used with the indefinite article, they lose their numerical meaning and acquire that of a pronoun (another, one more), as in:

- a second man entered, then a third

(вошел еще один человек, потом еще).

Postmodifying numerals combine with a limited number of nouns. Postmodifying cardinals are combinable with some nouns denoting items of certain sets of things:

- pages, paragraphs, chapters, parts of books, acts and scenes of plays, lessons in textbooks, apartments and rooms, buses or trams (means of transport), grammatical terms, etc.;

room two hundred and three, page ten, bus four, participle one, etc.

 

Note:

In such cases the cardinals have a numbering meaning and thus differ semantically from the ordinals which have an enumerating meaning. Enumeration indicates the order of a thing in a certain succession of things, while numbering indicates a number constantly attached to a thing either in a certain succession or in a certain set of things. Thus, the first room (enumeration) is not necessarily room one (numbering), etc. Compare:

- the first room I looked into was room five,

or

- the second page that he read was page twenty-three, etc.

 

Postmodifying ordinals occur in combinations with certain proper names, mostly those denoting the members of well-known dynasties:

- King Henry VIII - King Henry the Eighth,

Peter I - Peter the First, etc.

Mind the position of the article in such phrases. It is always attached to the numeral.

When used as substitutes numerals combinewith various verbs:

-(E.g. I saw five of them. They took twenty).

As head-words modified by other words numerals are combinable with:

1) prepositional phrases:

- the first of May, one of the men, two of them, etc.

2) pronouns:

- every three days, all seven, each fifth, etc.

3) adjectives:

- the best three of them, the last two weeks, etc.

4) particles:

- just five days ago, only two, only three books, he is nearly sixty, etc.

Note:

The numeral first may combine with the particle very:

- the very first of them.

 

When they have the function of subject or predicative the numerals are combinable with link verbs, generally the verb to be:

ten were present, the first was my father we are seven, she is the second.

 

Occasionally they are combinable with some other link verbs:


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