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The OE Verb
Lecture VI I. Non-finite forms of the verb and their categories 1.1. The Infinitive 1.2. The Participle II. Grammatical categories of the finite verb 2.1. Person 2.2. Number 2.3. Tense 2.4. Mood III. Morphological classification of verbs in OE 3.1. Strong 3.2. Weak 3.3. Preterite-present 3.4. Anomalous
1. The Infinitive 2. {-an} (sinʒ an) and {-ian} (luf ian) 3. not conjugated, but declined 4. ber an, ter an, scac an – the Nom case (the uninflected Infinitive) 5. tō ber enne (anne), ter enne, scac anne – the Dat case (the inflected Infinitive) 6. tō – a preposition in OE 7. {-anne/-enne} 8. onʒinnan and bēōn (wesan) 9. tō bind anne, tō baþi anne 10. He cymeth tō dēmenne cwicum and dēādum 11. Ic onʒan tō drincanne 12. a declinable noun 13. { -an/-ian } 14. incomplete predication 15. blinnan “переставать”, ʒewunian “иметь обыкновение” 16. Þū meaht sinʒan 17. Rōmāne blunnon rīcsian on Breotone 18. The Participle 19. {-end(e)} – Participle I 20. the Present tense stem + end(e) 21. Fremman “to do” à 1st pers., Present tense fremme à Part. I fremm ende “doing” = “делающий” 22. OE ond ūt wæs ʒonʒende tō neata scipene 23. {-n or -ed/-od} – Participle II 24. {ʒe-} 25. ʒe-writen (written) ā-drenced (drowned) 26. a-stems – masculine/neuter 27. ō-stems – feminine 28. Berend ne man “несущего человека”, Acc, Sg, masc., Part. I 29. n-stems 30. Þisne berend an man “того несущего человека”, Acc, Sg, masc., Part. I 31. Wē synd āworpene hider 32. Ic wrīt e þū wrīt est hē wrīt eð я пишу ты пишешь он пишет Ic dēm e þū dēm st hē dēm ð/þ я сужу ты судишь он судит 33. Wrīt aþ – Indicative Present Pl for all persons Wrīt e – Subjunctive Present Sg for all persons Wrīt en – Subjunctive Present Pl for all persons 34. Ic rīs e wē rīs aþ PresInd Ic rīs e wē rīs en PresSubj Rīs – Impertive Sg Rīs aþ – Imperative Pl 35. Preterite-present (now: modal) verbs sculan and willan 36. Ic sinʒe tō dæʒ oððe tō merʒen 37. …forþǣm ʒe sculon … ʒan 38. Hē sǣde þæt þæt land sie (Subj.) swiþe lånʒ 39. …ond hē… ʒedēmed, þæt hēō ealle sceolden þurh endebyrdnesse be hearpan sinʒan 40. inflectional classes 41. A. Baugh, T. Cable 42. a set of ‘stems’ (= основные формы) 43. the IE ablaut-series (чередование по аблауту) 44. /a – ō – ō – a/ 45. reduplicating verbs 46. Class I = i-class Gth reisan /i:/ rais risum risans ‘to rise’
OE rīsan rās rison risen ‘to rise’
OE bītan bāt biton biten ‘to bite’
belīfan (оставаться), clīfan (приставать, прилипать), glīdan (to glide), drīfan (to drive), rīdan (to ride), scīnan (to shine), wrītan (to write), bīdan (to bide, wait) 47. Class II = u-class (to choose) Gth kiusan kaus kusum kusans
OE cēōsan cēās curon coren
crēōpan (to creep), cēōwan (to chew), flēōtan (to fleet), scēōtan (to shoot), frēōsan (to freeze) 48. Class III 3a. Nasal + consonant Gth bindan band bundum bundans ‘bind’
OE bindan band bundon bunden i/n a/n (u)n (u)n
climban, drincan, findan, (on)ʒinnan, sinʒan, bindan, swindan (to disappear), swimman, stinʒan, windan, spinnan 3b. L + consonant Gth hilpan halp hulpum hulpans
OE helpan healp hulpon holpen
melcan, meltan, swellan 3c. R + consonant, h + consonant Gth waírþan warþ waúrþum waúrþans ε/r a/r (o)r (o)r OE weorþan wearþ wurdon worden ‘to become’
OE feohtan feaht fuhton fohten ‘to fight’
beorcan (to bark), ceorfan (to carve), beorʒan (to guard) 49. Class IV (the sonor. l/r + a short root v.) Gth stilan stal stēlum stulans OE stelan stæl stǣlon stolen
teran (to tear), brecan (to break), becuman (to come, arrive, reach), feolan (to cleave, stick) 50. Class V (any cons. but not a sonor.)
Gth qiþan /kviθan/ qaþ qēþum qiþans OE cweþan cwæþ cwǣdon cweden
tredan (to tread), metan (to mete), swefan (to sleep), wefan (to weave), cnedan (to knead), sprecan (to speak), wrecan (to drive, press, punish)
51. Class VI Gth faran fōr fōrum farans ‘to go’
OE faran fōr fōron faren
hladan (to load), wadan (to go, pass), bacan (to bake), wascan (to wash), scacan (to shake)
52. Class VII Gth haitan haíhait haíhaitum haitans ‘to call’
OE hātan hēt/heht hēton/hehton hāten
OE lǣtan lēt lēton lǣten
cnāwan (to know), ondrǣdan (to be afraid, to dread), rǣdan (to read), blōwan (to blow), bihealdan (to inhabit, behold) 53. /i – a – Ө/ 54. dental (alveolar) suffix 55. causative/каузативные/ verbs 56. i-stems 57. i/j CG *ful j an à OE fyllan (to fill) OHG fremjan à OE fremman (to make, to do; gemination) Gth wōpjan à OE wēpan (to weep) OE Past Sg sæt à *sætjan à OE se tt an (каузатив от sæt + gemination) 58. /r/ 59. OE styrian (to stir), /r/ is not geminated 60. Regular Class I: OE dēman dēmde dēmed (*dōmjan) fremman fremede fremed (*fremjan) 61. i-umlaut 62. Irregular Class I: OE t e llan t ea lde t ea ld (to tell)
*t a ljan OE breaking before /ld/ (*talde – tald)
OE t ǣ cean t ā hte t ā ht (to teach) 63. -ō- (*-ōj-) 64. -ō-stems 65. {-ian} 66. the element /o:/ of the SBS 67. Class II OE timbrian timbrode timbrod (to build) hopian hopode hopod (to hope) fiscian fiscode fiscod (to fish)
68. Class III the CG SBS *{-ē-} à Gth {-ai-}
69. {-ē-} alternated with {-ja-}
Gth haban hab ai da hab ai dēdum hab ai þs
OE habban hæfde hæfd
70. {-j-} OE libban lifde lifd OE s e cʒan sæʒde sæʒd (compare OHG s a gen) 71. OE hycʒ(e)an hoʒode hoʒod
72. Preterite-present Verbs: OE witan wāt witon wis t e OE cunnan can(n) cunnon cū ð e
OE sculan sceal sculon sceol d e OE ------- mōt mōton mōs t e 73. wāt (знаю), āʒ (имею), dēāʒ (гожусь), ann (жалую), can (могу, знаю), þearf (нуждаюсь), dear (смею), sceal (должен), man (помню), mæʒ (могу), ʒeneah (быть достаточным), mōt (могу) 74. Anomalous Verbs (B.A. Ilyish – Irregular) · bēōn (two other roots used to build the paradigm are: eom “to be, to exist”, wesan, str., cl. V – to exist, only past tense forms exist) · ʒan (“to go”; past tense, 1st, 3rd pers. Ind. is ēōde, 2nd pers. is ēōdest) · willan (“to will, wish, intend”, past tense is wol d e) · dōn (“to do, perform, make, cause”, dy d e, ʒedō n) · būān (“to dwell”, bū d e, ʒebū n) Поиск по сайту: |
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