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Il pea.M em u ifJy uK/uu 11 ñòðàíèöà

×èòàéòå òàêæå:
  1. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 1 ñòðàíèöà
  2. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 10 ñòðàíèöà
  3. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 11 ñòðàíèöà
  4. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 2 ñòðàíèöà
  5. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 3 ñòðàíèöà
  6. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 4 ñòðàíèöà
  7. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 5 ñòðàíèöà
  8. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 6 ñòðàíèöà
  9. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 7 ñòðàíèöà
  10. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 8 ñòðàíèöà
  11. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 9 ñòðàíèöà
  12. Il pea.M em u ifJy uK/uu 1 ñòðàíèöà

«rpynnbI;:i;aBJieHH.fl», o6'be,ll;HH.fllOHe JIIO,ll;eH no 3KOHOMH'ieCKHM e­ Jl.fIM, npocpecc:110HaJibHbI M, peJI:11r:1103HbI M 11 KYJibTypHbIM HHTepecaM. ct>opMaMH Bbipa:meHH.fl MaCCOBb X npoTeCTOB MoryT 6b1Tb TaKHe, KaK MH­ THHrH,;:i;eMOHCTpa HH, n:11KeTHpOBaHH.fl, KaMnaHHH rpa:m;:i;aHCKOro He­ nOBHHOBeHH.fl, aa6acTOBKH. Ka:m;:i;a.R H3 3THX cpopM ynoTpe6JI.ReTC.fl B on-

Co1..1,1>1anbHble KOHQ>m1KTbl: reHe311c 11 MexaH113M 11x pa3peweH11R 95


pe,n;eJieHHbIX eJI.RX,.RBJI.ReTC.fl scpcpeKTMBHbI M cpe,n;cTBOM perneHM.fl BIIOJIHe KOHKpeTHbIX aa,n;a"l.IIosToMy, BbI6Mpa.R cpopMy COMaJibHOro npoTeCTa, ero opraHM3aTOpbI,Zl;OJI:lfCHbI "leTKO OC03HaBaTb, KaKMe KOH­ KpeTHbie eJIM CTaB.RTC.fl nepe,n; STOM aKMeM M KaKOBa o6rn,eCTBeHHa.R no,n;,n;ep:IKKa Tex MJIM MHbIX Tpe6oBaHMM. JioayHr,.flBJI.RIOilJ,MMC.fl,ll;OCTa­ TO"IHbIM,Zl;Jl.fl opraHM3a MM IIMKeTMpOBaHM.R, Bp.R,n; JIM MO:lfCeT IIOCJIY:lfCMTb

OCHOBOM,Zl;JI.fl opraHM3a MM KaMnaHMM rpa:IK,n;aHCKOro HeIIOBMHOBeHM.fl. OcoaHaHMe "leTKOCTM IIOCTaBJieHHbI X eJieM oco6eHHO Ba:lfCHO B CB.fl3M c opraHMaa MeM aa6aCTOBKM. CoepeMeuuan 3a6acTOBKa -:no 3apauee noµ;roToeJieuuan aKJ:vrn c qeTKO ccpopMyJ11tpoeaunL MH eJIHMH,npeµ;­ uapuTeJILIIO o6cymµ;eHHb MH B KOJIJieKTHBax, OII1tpa10aHcH ua npH- 3HaHHb X JIHµ;epoe, eo3rJiaBJIHeMaH oprauoM pyKoeoµ;cTea (cTaqKo­ MOM, pa6oqJtM KOMHTeTOM), Il0Jlb3YIOHMCH noµ;.n;epmKOH npeccb,Ka- KOH-To qacTH napJiaMenTa H uaceJieuun.

B 3aKJIIO"leHMe CJie,n;yeT no,n;qepKHYTb, "ITO IIOCKOJibKY KOHcpJIMK­

TbI B Harnett:lfCM3HM HeM36e:lfCHbI, HY:IKHO Hay"IMTbC.R ynpaBJI.RTb HMM, CTpeMMTbC.fl K TOMy, "IT06bI OHM npMBO,ll;MJIM K HaMMeHbllIMM M3,n;ep:IKKaM

,Zl;JI.fl o6rn,eCTBa M yqacTBYIOilJ,MX B HMX JIM"IHOCTeM.


1/!Iousimue «coua.abUbLU uucmumym».

Mucmumy uoua.auaau.R. 061itecmeeuuou:JICUauu

2/ BuabL u <fiyU'lauu coua.abubLX uucmumymoe

3 / Ce.M.b.R. KUK ea:J1Cueumuu coua.abubLU uucmumym

 

 

1

!Iou.R.mue «coua.abUbLU uucmumym». Mucmumy uoua.auaau.R. o6u+ecmeeuuou:J1Cuauu

CoHaJihHh e HHCTHTYTh (oT JiaT. nstitutum-ycTaHOBJiem: e, yqpem­ em: e) -aTo HCTOpH"ieCKH CJIOmHBWHeCH ycTOH"iHBbie cpopMbIopraHH- 3aHH COBMeCTHOH e.RTeJibHOCTH JIK>eti. TepMHH «COHaJibHbIH HHCTH­

TYT» ynoTpe6JI.ReTc.R B caMb X pa3Hoo6pa3Hb X 3Ha"l:eHHHx. foBopHT 06 HHCTHTyTe CeMbH,HHCTHTyTe o6pa30BaHHH, 3paBOOXpaHeHH.R,HHCTH­

TYTe rocyapcTBa H T. - IepBoe, qae Bcero ynoTpe6JI.ReMoe 3Ha"l:eHHe TepMHHa «COHaJibHbIH HHCTHTYT», CB.R3aHO c xapaKTepHCTHKOU BC.RKO­

ro poa ynop.R O"ieHHH, cpopMa.irn3aHH H CTaHapTH3aHH o6eCTBeH­ Hb X CB.R3eti H OTHOWeHHH. A caM npoecc ynop.R O"ieHHH, cpopMaJIH3a­

HH H CTaHapTH3a HH Ha3bIBaeTC.fl HHCTHTYOHaJIH3aHeH.

Ilpoecc HHCTHTYHoHaJIH3aHH BKJIK>"iaeT B ce6.R pH MOMeHTOB. OHHM H3 Heo6xoHMb X ycJIOBHti no.RBJieHHH coHaJibHb X HHCTHTYTOB CJIYmHT COOTBeTCTByro a.R COHaJibHa.R IlOTpe6HOCTb. l1HCTHTyTbl npH3Ba­ Hbl opraHH30BbIBaTb COBMeCTHYK> eHTeJibHOCTb JIK>etl: B eJI.RX yoBJie­ TBOpeHH.R Tex HJIH HHbIX COaJihHhIX DOTpe6HOCTeH.TaK, HHCTHTyT ceMbH

yoBJieTBOp.ReT noTpe6HOCTb B BocnpoH3BOCTBe qeJioBe"iecKoro poa u

BOCilHTaHHH eTei1,peaJIH3yeT OTHOWeHH.flMey IlOJiaMH, IlOKOJieHH.RMH H

T. ·lifHCTHTYT BbICWero o6pa30BaHJ.1.R o6ecne"l:HBaeT noTOBKY pa6oqei1: CJ.1Jlbl, aeT B03MOmHOCTb qeJIOBeKy pa3BHTb CBOH cnoco6HOCTH JI.fl Toro, "iT06bI peaJIH30BaTb HX B IlOCJieyK> ei1 e.RTeJibHOCTH H o6ecne"iHBaTb CBoe cyeCTBOBaHHe HT. Bo3HHKHOBeHUe onpeeJieHHbIX o6ecTBeHHbIX IlOTpe6HOCTei1, a TaKme ycJIOBH.fl.fl HX yOBJieTBOpeHH.fl.RBJI.RK>TC.fl nep­ BbIMH Heo6xoHMb MH MOMeHTaMH HHCTHTYHoHaJIH3aHH. CoHaJibHbIH J.1HCTHTyT 06pa3yeTC.fl Ha OCHOBe COHaJibHblX CB.R3ei1:, B3aHMOei1CTBH.fl H OTHOWeHHH KOHKpeTHbIX JIH,HHBHOB, coaJibHblX rpynnHHHb X 06­ HOCTeit Ho OH, KaK H pyrHe COHaJibHbie CHCTeMbl,He MOmeT 6bITb CBeeHK cyMMe 3THX JIJ.1 H HX B3aHMOei1CTBHH. CoaJibHbie HHCTHTyTbl HOC.RT Ha­ I HBHyaJibHblH xapaKTep, o6JiaaK>T CBOHM co6cTBeHHbIM CHCTeMHbIM Ka"ieCTBOM. CJieoBaTeJibHO, coHaJibHbIH HHCTHTYT npecTaBJI.ReT co6oi1

caMOCTO.RTeJibHOe o6eCTBeHHoe o6pa30BaHHe, KOTOpoe HMeeT CBOK> JIOrH­ Ky pa3BHTH.R. c 3TOH TO"iKH 3peHH.R COHaJibHbie HHCTHTYTbl MOryT6b Tb

paCCMOTpeHbI KaK opraHH30BaHHbie COHaJibHbie CHCTeMbl, xapaKTepH3Y­ K>HeC.R ycTOH"iMBOCTbK> CTPYKTYpbI, MHTerpHpoBaHHOCTbK> HX aJieMeHTOB H onpeeJieHHOH H3MeH"iHBOCTbK> HX <l>YHKH.


l.!To me 3TO 3a CHCTeMbI? KaKOBbl HX OCHOBHbi e 3JieMeHTb?

IIpem;a;e Bcero, 3TO CHCTeMa QeHHOcTei1,HOpM, H,;a;eaJioB, a TaKme o6pa3- QOB;a;eHTeJibHOCTH H noBe,;a;eHHH mo;a;ei1: H;a;pyrHX 3JieMeHTOB COQHO­ KYJibTYPHOro npoqecca. 3Ta CHCTeMa rapaHTHpyeT cxo;a;Hoe noBe,;a;eHHe Jiro,;a;ei1:, corJiacoBbIBaeT H HanpaBJIHeT B pycJio HX onpe,;a;eJieHHbi e CTpeMJieHHH, ycTaHaBJIHBaeT cnoco6bI y;a;oBJieTBOpeHHH HX noTpe6HOC­ Tei1:, paapemaeT KOHtj:>JIHKTbI, B03HHKaIOHe B npoqecce noBce;a;HeBHOH

:>KH3HH, o6ecne•rnBaeT COCTOHHHe paBHOBeCHH H CTa6HJibHOCTH B paM­ Kax TOH HJIH HHOH coqHaJibHOH o6HOCTH H o6ecTBa B qeJIOM. CaMo no ce6e HaJIH'fHe 3THX COQHOKYJibTYPHbI X 3JieMeHTOB ee He o6ecne'fHBa­ eT tj:>yHKQHOHHpOBaHHe COQHaJibHOro HHCTHTyTa.,lJ;JIH Toro, 'fT06bI OH pa6oTaJI, Heo6xo,;a;HMO, 'fT06bI OHH CTaJIH;a;ocTOHHHeM BHyTpeHHero MH­ pa JIH'fHOCTH, 6bIJIH HHTepHaJIH30BaHbl HMH B npoqecce COQHaJIH3aQHH, BOnJIOTHJIHCb B Q:>opMy COQHaJibHbIX poJieH H CTaTycoB. lilHTepHaJIH3a­ HH HH,;a;HBH,;a;aMH ecex COHOKYJILTYPHblX:meMeHTOB, Q:>opMHpOBaHHH Ha HX OCHOBe CHCTeMbl noTpe6HOCTei1: JIH'fHOCTH, QeHHOCTHbIX opHeHTa­ QHj1: H O:>KH,;a;aHHH HBJI.ReTCH BTOpbIM Ba:>KHeMllIHM 3JieMeHTOM HHCTHTY­

QHOHaJIH3aQHH.TpeTbHM BamHei1:mHM sJieMeHTOM HHCTHTYQHOHaJIH3a­

QHH HBJI.ReTCH opraHH3aQHOHHOe otj:>opMJieHHe COQHaJibHOrO HHCTHTyTa. BHellIHe COQHaJibHbIH HHCTHTYT npe;a;cTaBJI.ReT co6oi1: coBoKynHocTb JIHQ, yqpem;a;eHHH, CHa6meHHbIX onpe,;a;eJieHHbIMH MaTepHaJibHbIMH cpe,;a;CTBaMH H BbIIlOJIHHIOHMH onpe;a;eJieHHyIO COQHaJibHYIO tj:>yHKQHIO. TaK, HHCTHTYT BbIClliero o6pa30BaHHH COCTOHT H3 onpe;a;eJieHHOH COBO­ KynHOCTH JIHQ: npeno;a;aBaTeJiei1:, o6cJiy:>KHBaro ero nepcoHaJia, 'fHHOB­ HHKOB, KOTOpbie;a;ei1:CTBYIOT B paMKax TaKHX yqpem;a;eHHH, KaK BY3bl, MHHHCTepCTBO HJIH fOCKOMHTeT no BbICllieM llIKOJie H T.;a;., KOTOpbie,;a;JIH CBOeH;a;eHTeJibHOCTH pacnoJiaraIOT onpe;a;eJieHHbIMH MaTepHaJibHbIMH QeHHOCTHMH (3,;a;aHHHMH, tj:>HHaHcaMH H T.;a;.).

l1TaK, Ka:>K,;a;bIH COQHaJibHbI H HHCTHTYT xapaKTepH3yeTCH HaJIH­ 'IHeM eJIH CBOeH,;a;eHTeJibHOCTH, KOHKpeTHbIMH tj:>yHKQHHMH, o6ecne­ 'fHBaIOHMH;a;ocTH:>KeHHe TaKOH QeJIH, Ha6opoM COQHaJibHbIX n03HQHH

H poJieH, THnH'fHbIX,;a;JIH;a;aHHOro HHCTHTyTa. Ha OCHOBe BCero BbillieH3-

JIO:>KeHHOro, MO:>KHO;a;aTb CJie;a;yro ee onpe;a;eJieHHe COQHaJibHOro HH­ CTHTyTa. CouaJI&H&Ie HHCTHTYThl -aTo opraHH30BaHH&Ie o6'heAHHe­ HHH JIIOAeH, BblUOJIHHIOHX onpeAeJieHHble COHaJibHO 3Ha'IHMble QJYHKHH,o6ecne'IHBalOHe COBMeCTHOe AOCTH'.meH He eJieH na OCHO­

ee Bb DOJIHHeMblX 'IJieHaMH CBOHX COHaJibHb X poJieH,3aAaBaeMb X COHaJibHblMH eHHOCTHMH,HOpMaMH u:o6pa3aMH UOBeAeHHJL

 

 

2

Buabt u cfiyHKtj-UU COtj-UMbHbtX uHcmumymoa

KamIH HHCTHTYT BbIIlOJIH.ReT CBOIO, xapaKTepHyIO,;a;JIH Hero COQHaJibH)7IO

tj:>yHKQHIO. CoBOKYnHOCTb 3THX coQHaJibHbIX tj:>yttKQHH cKJiaIBaeTcH B o6- He COQHaJibHbie tj:>yHKQHH COQHaJibHbIX HHCTHTYTOB KaK onpe,;a;eJieHHbIX BH,;a;OB COQHaJibHOH CHCTeMbI.3TH tj:>yHKQHH O'feHb MHoroo6pa3HbI.COQHOJIO­

mpa3HbIX HanpaBJieHHH CTpeMHJIHCb KaK-TO KJiaCcHtj:>HQHpOBaTb HX, npe;a;­ CTaBHTb B BH,;a;e onpe,;a;eJieHHOie ynopH,;a;O'feHHOH CHCTeMbI.HaH60Jiee noJI-


HYJO M MHTepecHylO KJiaCCMCpMKaQMIO npe,n;cTaBMJia TaK Ha3bIBaeMa.R «HH­ CTHOHaJlhHaJI UJKOJia». Ipe,n;cTaBMTeJIM MHCTMTYQMOHaJibHOM lllKOJibl B COQMOJIOrMM (C. JlMnceT,)l. Jla6epr M,n;p.) BbeJIMJIM 'leTbipe OCHOBHblX

cpyHKQMM COQMaJibHbIX MHCTMTyTOB: 1) BocnpOM3BO,Zl;CTBO 'IJieHOB o6I.QeCTBa.

fJiaBHbIM MHCTMTYTOM, BbIIlOJIH.RlOI.QMM 3TY cpYffKQMIO,.RBJI.ReTC.R ceMb.R, HO

K He:i1: npM'laCTHbl M,n;pyr11e COQMaJibHbie MHCTMTYTbI,TaKMe, KaK rocy,n;apcT­ BO. 2) Coq11aJI113aQM.R -nepe,n;aqa MBaMM ycTaHOBJieHHbIX B,n;aHHoM o6I.QeCTBe o6pa3QOB IlOBe,n;eHM.R M cnoco6oB,n;eHTeJibHOCTM -MHCTMTYTbl ceMbM, o6pa30BaHM.R, peJIMfMM M,n;p. 3) lpOH3BO,Zl;CTBO M pacnpe,n;eJieHMe.

06ecne'IMBalOTC.R 3KOHOMM'leCKO-COQMaJibHbIMM MHCTMTyTaMM ynpaBJie­ HM.R M KOHTpOJI.R -opraHbl BJiaCTM. ct>yHKQMM ynpaBJieHM.R M KOHTPOJI.R ocy­ I.QeCTBJiffiOTC.R qepe3 CMCTeMy COQMaJibHblX HOpM M npecaHMM, peaJIM3Y­ lOI.QMX COOTBeTCTBYIOI.QMe TMilbl IlOBe,n;eHM.R: MopaJibHbie M npaBOBbie HOp­ MbI,06b1'laM, a,n;MMHMCTpaTMBHbie peweHM.R 11T.,n;. Coq11aJ1bHb1e MHCTMTYTbI ynpaBJI.RlOT noBe,n;eHMeM MMBM,n;a qepe3 CMCTeMy IlOOI.QpeHHM M caHKQMM.

CoqMaJibHbi e MHCTMTYThl OTJIM'lalOTC.R,n;pyr OT.n;pyra CBOMMM cpyHKQMOHaJibHbl MM Ka'leCTBaMM:

1) 3KOHOMM'lecKo-coq11aJibHbi e MHCTMTYTbI-co6cTBeHHOCTb, 06-

MeH,,n;eHbfM, 6aHKM, X03.RMCTBeHHbi e 06"be,Z1;MHeHM.R pa3JIM'IHOro TMna

- o6ecne'IMBalOT BCIO COBOKYil HOCTb npOM3BO,Zl;CTBa M pacnpe,n;eJieHM.R o6I.QeCTBeHHOro 6oraTCTBa, coe,n;MH.R.R, BMeCTe c TeM, 3KOHOMM'leCKYIO

jl(M3Hb c,n;pyrMMM ccpepaMM COQMaJibHOM jl(M3HM.

2) lO.JIMTM'leCKMe MHCTMTYTbl -rocy,n;apCTBO, napTHM, npocpcoro- 3bl 11,n;pyroro po,n;a o6I.QeCTBeHHbi e opraHM3aQMM, npecJie,n;yJOI.QMe noJIM­ TM'leCKMe QeJIM, HanpaBJieHHbie Ha ycTaHOBJieHMe 11 no,n;,n;epmaH11e onpe­

,n;e.JieHHo:i1: cpopMbl IlOJIMTM'leCKOM BJiaCTM. Vlx COBOKYilHOCTb COCTaBJI.ReT IlOJIMTM'leCKYIO CMCTeMy,n;aHHOro o6I.QeCTBa. lOJIMTM'leCKMe MHCTMTYTbl

o6ecne'IMBalOT BocnpOH3BO,Zl;CTBO M ycTOM'IMBOe coxpaHeHMe 11,n;eoJIOrM­ 'leCKMX QeHHOCTe:i1:, CTa6MJIM3MPYIOT,Zl;OMMHMPYIOI.QMe B o6I.QeCTBe COQM­

aJibHO-KJiaccOBbi e CTPYKTYPbI.

3) CoQMOKYJibTYPHbie 11 BOCilMTa·reJibHbie MHCTMTYTbI cTaB.RT qe­ JiblO OCBOeHMe M IlOCJie,n;yJOI.Qee BOCnpOH3BO,ll;CTBO KYJibTYPHb X M COQM­

a.JibHbl X QeHHOCTe:i1:, BK.JIIO'leHMe MH,ll;MBM,ll;OB B onpe,n;eJieHHYIO cy6KyJlb­ Typy, a TaKme coq11a.JIM3aQMIO MH,Zl;MBM,n;OB qepe3 ycBoeHMe ycTOM'IMBbIX COQMOKYJibTYPHb X CTaH,n;apTOB noBe,n;eHM.R M, HaKOHeQ, 3aI.QMTY onpe,n;e­ JieHHbIX QeHHOCTeM M HOpM.

4) HopMaTMBHo-op11eHTHpy10I.QMe -MexaHM3MbI MopaJibH0-3TM'le­

cKo:i1: opMeHTaQMM peryJI.RQMM IlOBe,n;eHM.R MMBM,ll;OB. Vlx QeJib -np11,n;aTb IlOBe,n;eHMIO M MOTMBaQMM HpaBCTBeHHYIO apryMeHTaQMIO, 3TM'leCKYIO oc­

HOBy. 3TM MHCTMTYTbl YTBepm,n;alOT B coo6I.QeCTBe MMnepaTMBHbie o6I.Qe'le­ JIOBe'leCKMe QeHHOCTM, cneqMaJibHbie KO,n;eKCbl M 3TMKY IlOBe,n;eHM.R.

5) HopMaTMBHo-caHKQMOHHpyroI.QMe - 06I.QeCTBeHHo-coq11aJib­

HY10 peryJI.RQMIO IlOBe,n;eHM.R Ha OCHOBe HOpM, npaBMJI M npe,n;nMCaHMM, 3a­ KpenJieHHb X B lOpM,ll;M'leCKMX M a,n;MMHMCTpaTMBH bIX aKTax. 06.R3aTeJib­ HOCTb HOpM o6ecne'IMBaeTC.R npHHy,n;MTeJibHOM caHKQMeM.

6) UepeMOHMaJibHO-CMMBOJIM'l eCKMe 11 c11TyaQMOHHO-KOHBeHQMO­

HaJibHb1e MHCTMTYTbl.3TM MHCTMTYTbl OCHOBaHbl Ha 6oJiee MJIM MeHee,ll;JIM­ TeJibHOM npHH.RTMM KOHBeHQMOHaJibHbIX (no,n;oroBopy) HOpM, MX ocpHQM-

COl..IMMbHble MHCTMryTbl 99


aJibHOM H Heocpm HaJibHOM 3aKpenJieHHH. 8TH HOpMbl peryJIHpyIOT no­ Bce,n;HeBHbie KOHTaKTbI,paaH006paaHb1e aKTbIrpynnoBoro HMe:mrpynno­ Boro noBe,n;eHHH.0HH onpe,n;eJIHIOT nopH,n;OK H cnoco6 B3aHMHoro noBe,n;e­ HHH, perJiaMeHTHPYIOT MeTO,ll;bl nepe,n;aqH H o6MeHa HHcpOpMaQHeH, npHBeTCTBH.fI, o6pam;eHH.fI H T.,n;., perJiaMeHT co6paHHH, aace,n;aHHH,,n;eH­ TeJibHOCTb KaKHX-TO o6'be,n;HHeHHH.

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COL.111anbHble 11Hcr111)'Tbl 101


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Coui.tanbHble i.tHCTi.tTYfbl 103


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