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æóíóÑóæúäó ÅöÞóÇãóÉó ÇáúÍóÌøö æóÇáúÌöåóÇÏö æóÇáúÌõãóÚö æóÇáúÃóÚúíóÇÏö ãóÚó ÇáúÃõãóÑóÇÁö ÃóÈúÑóÇÑðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Ãóæú ÝõÌøóÇÑðÇ¡ æóíõÍóÇÝöÙõæäó Úóáóì ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÇÊö.
æóíóÏöíäõæäó ÈöÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉö áöáúÃõãøóÉö¡ æóíóÚúÊóÞöÏõæäó ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö r { ÇáúãõÄúãöäõ áöáúãõÄúãöäö ßóÇáúÈõäúíóÇäö ÇáúãóÑúÕõæÕöº íóÔõÏøõ ÈóÚúÖõåõ ÈóÚúÖðÇ æóÔóÈøóßó Èóíúäó ÃóÕóÇÈöÚöåö } ([444])¡ æóÞóæúáöåö r { ãóËóáõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Ýöí ÊóæóÇÏøöåöãú æóÊóÑóÇÍõãöåöãú æóÊóÚóÇØõÝöåöãú ßóãóËóáö ÇáúÌóÓóÏöº ÅöÐóÇ ÇÔúÊóßóì ãöäúåõ ÚõÖúæñº ÊóÏóÇÚóì áóåõ ÓóÇÆöÑõ ÇáúÌóÓóÏö ÈöÇáúÍõãøóì æóÇáÓøóåóÑö } ([445]).
æóíóÃúãõÑõæäó ÈöÇáÕøóÈúÑö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÈóáóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÔøõßúÑö ÚöäúÏó ÇáÑøóÎóÇÁö æóÇáÑøöÖóÇ ÈöãõÑøö ÇáúÞóÖóÇÁö.
æóíóÏúÚõæäó Åöáóì ãóßóÇÑöãö ÇáúÃóÎúáóÇÞö¡ æóãóÍóÇÓöäö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ æóíóÚúÊóÞöÏõæäó ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö r { Ãóßúãóáõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÅöíãóÇäðÇ ÃóÍúÓóäõåõãú ÎõáõÞðÇ } ([446]).
æóíóäúÏõÈõæäó Åöáóì Ãóäú ÊóÕöáó ãóäú ÞóØóÚóßó¡ æóÊõÚúØöíó ãóäú ÍóÑóãóßó¡ æóÊóÚúÝõæó Úóãøóäú Ùóáóãóßó.
æóíóÃúãõÑõæäó ÈöÈöÑøö ÇáúæóÇáöÏóíúäö¡ æóÕöáóÉö ÇáúÃóÑúÍóÇãö¡ æóÍõÓúäö ÇáúÌöæóÇÑö¡ æóÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö Åöáóì ÇáúíóÊóÇãóì æóÇáúãóÓóÇßöíäö æóÇÈúäö ÇáÓøóÈöíáö¡ æóÇáÑøöÝúÞö ÈöÇáúãóãúáõæßö.
æóíóäúåóæúäó Úóäö ÇáúÝóÎúÑö¡ æóÇáúÎõíóáóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúÈóÛúíö¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöØóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈöÍóÞøò Ãóæú ÈöÛóíúÑö ÍóÞøò.
æóíóÃúãõÑõæäó ÈöãóÚóÇáöí ÇáúÃóÎúáóÇÞö¡ æóíóäúåóæúäó Úóäú ÓóÝúÓóÇÝöåóÇ.
æóßõáøõ ãóÇ íóÞõæáõæäóåõ æóíóÝúÚóáõæäóåõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ æóÛóíúÑöåöº ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ åõãú Ýöíåö ãõÊøóÈöÚõæäó áöáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóØóÑöíÞóÊõåõãú åöíó Ïöíäõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí ÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ Èöåö ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ r.
Þóæúáõåõ: (Ëõãøó åõãú ãóÚó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõÕõæáö..) Åáκ ÌóãóÚó ÇáúãõÄóáøöÝõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÕúáö ÌöãóÇÚó ãóßóÇÑöãö ÇáúÃóÎúáóÇÞö ÇáøóÊöí íóÊóÎóáøóÞõ ÈöåóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö æóÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉöº ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝöº æóåõæó ãóÇ ÚõÑöÝó ÍõÓúäõåõ ÈöÇáÔøóÑúÚö æóÇáúÚóÞúáö¡ æóÇáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáúãõäúßóÑöº æóåõæó ßõáøõ ÞóÈöíÍò ÚóÞúáðÇ æóÔóÑúÚðǺ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ ÊõæÌöÈõåõ ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉõ ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÝóÑöíÖóÉöº ßóãóÇ íõÝúåóãõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: { ãóäú ÑóÃóì ãöäúßõãú ãõäúßóÑðǺ ÝóáúíõÛóíøöÑúåõ ÈöíóÏöåö¡ ÝóÅöäú áóãú íóÓúÊóØöÚúº ÝóÈöáöÓóÇäöåö¡ ÝóÅöäú áóãú íóÓúÊóØöÚúº ÝóÈöÞóáúÈöåö¡ æóÐóáößó ÃóÖúÚóÝõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö } ([447]).
æóãöäú ÔõåõæÏö ÇáúÌõãóÚö æóÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÇÊö æóÇáúÍóÌøö æóÇáúÌöåóÇÏö ãóÚó ÇáúÃõãóÑóÇÁö ÃóíøðÇ ßóÇäõæǺ áöÞóæúáöåö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: { ÕóáøõæÇ ÎóáúÝó ßõáøö ÈóÑøò æóÝóÇÌöÑò }.
æóãöäó ÇáäøõÕúÍö áößõáøö ãõÓúáöãòº áöÞóæúáöåö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: { ÇáÏøöíäõ ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉõ } ([448]).
æóãöäú Ýóåúãò ÕóÍöíÍò áöãóÇ ÊõæÌöÈõåõ ÇáúÃõÎõæøóÉõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäöíøóÉõ ãöäú ÊóÚóÇØõÝò æóÊóæóÇÏøò æóÊóäóÇÕõÑòº ßóãóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáøóÊöí íõÔóÈøöåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÇáúÈõäúíóÇäö ÇáúãóÑúÕõæÕö ÇáúãõÊóãóÇÓößö ÇááøóÈöäóÇÊö¡ Ãóæú ÈöÇáúÌóÓóÏö ÇáúãõÊóÑóÇÈöØö ÇáúÃóÚúÖóÇÁö ãöäú ÏóÚúæóÉò Åöáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ æóÅöáóì ãóßóÇÑöãö ÇáúÃóÎúáóÇÞö¡ Ýóåõãú íóÏúÚõæäó Åöáóì ÇáÕøóÈúÑö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö¡ æóÇáÔøõßúÑö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÚúãóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÑøöÖóÇ ÈöÞóÖóÇÁö Çááøóåö æóÞóÏóÑöåö.. Åöáóì ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ.
áóßöäú áóãøóÇ { ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ r Ãóäøó ÃõãøóÊóåõ ÓóÊóÝúÊóÑöÞõ Úóáóì ËóáóÇËò æóÓóÈúÚöíäó ÝöÑúÞóÉðº ßõáøõåóÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑöº ÅöáøóÇ æóÇÍöÏóÉð¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ } ([449])¡ æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËò Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: { åõãú ãóäú ßóÇäó Úóáóì ãöËúáö ãóÇ ÃóäóÇ Úóáóíúåö Çáúíóæúãó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí } ([450])º ÕóÇÑó ÇáúãõÊóãóÓøößõæäó ÈöÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÇáúãóÍúÖö ÇáúÎóÇáöÕö Úóäö ÇáÔøóæúÈö åõãú Ãóåúáõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö æóÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö.
æóÝöíåöãõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõæäó¡ æóÇáÔøõåóÏóÇÁõ¡ æóÇáÕøóÇáöÍõæäó¡ æóãöäúåõãú ÃóÚúáóÇãõ ÇáúåõÏóì¡ æóãóÕóÇÈöíÍõ ÇáÏøõÌóì¡ Ãõæáõæ ÇáúãóäóÇÞöÈö ÇáúãóÃúËõæÑóÉö¡ æóÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉö¡ æóÝöíåöãõ ÇáúÃóÈúÏóÇáõ¡ æóÝöíåöãú ÃóÆöãøóÉõ ÇáÏøöíäö¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÌúãóÚó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó Úóáóì åöÏóÇíóÊöåöãú æóÏöÑóÇíóÊöåöãú¡ æóåõãõ ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÉõ ÇáúãóäúÕõæÑóÉõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇáó Ýöíåöãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ r { áóÇ ÊóÒóÇáõ ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäú ÃõãøóÊöí Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö ãóäúÕõæÑóÉð¡ áóÇ íóÖõÑøõåõãú ãóäú ÎóÇáóÝóåõãú¡ æóáóÇ ãóäú ÎóÐóáóåõãúº ÍóÊøóì ÊóÞõæãó ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉõ } ([451]).
äóÓúÃóáõ Çááøóåó Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáóäóÇ ãöäúåõãú æóÃóäú áóÇ íõÒöíÛó ÞõáõæÈóäóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú åóÏóÇäóÇ¡ æóÃóäú íóåóÈó áóäóÇ ãöäú áóÏõäúåõ ÑóÍúãóÉð Åöäøóåõ åõæó ÇáúæóåøóÇÈõ. æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÕóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ãõÍóãøóÏò æóÂáöåö æóÕóÍúÈöåö æóÓóáøóãó ÊóÓúáöíãðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: (æóÝöíåöãõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõæäó..) Åáκ ÝóÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÕöíÛóÉõ ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉò ãöäó ÇáÕøöÏúÞö¡ íõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÇáúßóËöíÑõ ÇáÊøóÕúÏöíÞö¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò t åõæó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ áöåóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøõåóÏóÇÁõº Ýóåõæó ÌóãúÚõ ÔóåöíÏò¡ æóåõæó ãóäú ÞõÊöáó Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúÑóßóÉö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÃóÈúÏóÇáõº Ýóåõãú ÌóãúÚõ ÈóÏóáò¡ æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÎúáõÝõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ Ýöí ÊóÌúÏöíÏö åóÐóÇ ÇáÏøöíäö æóÇáÏøöÝóÇÚö Úóäúåõº ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: { íóÈúÚóËõ Çááøóåõ áöåóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Úóáóì ÑóÃúÓö ßõáøö ãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò ãóäú íõÌóÏøöÏõ áóåóÇ ÃóãúÑó ÏöíäöåóÇ } ([452]). æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÕóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ãõÍóãøóÏò æóÂáöåö æóÕóÍúÈöåö æóÓóáøóãó ÊóÓúáöíãðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ.
Ïîèñê ïî ñàéòó: